Popcorn Prep: Focus Pulls, what are they? How can they be used?

What is a focus pull? How can it be used?

A focus pull is a camera-based filmmaking technique used to change the focus of a shot, the lens has a focus ring that is turned to the desired focus. The focus changes over the course of the shot to a different focal plane, this can be subtle or overt, slow or rapid. A focus pull is also known as a focus rack or rack shot.

In the past and in some productions today there would be a Focus Puller or First Assistant Camera who is the member of a film crew responsible for changing the focus at the right time, the right amount at the right pace. Today, top filmmakers such as Steven Spielberg use a special lens known as a split diopter which keeps the entire shot in focus so the focus pull can be added in post.

This technique is most often used for visual storytelling and stylistic purposes. Filmmakers often use this to show which character they want the audience to focus on. An example of this is in episode 1 of Cuffs in a two shot when Ryan takes a subtle jab at Jake and as Jake reacts to this the focus sharpens to see his face and shallows so that Ryan is out of sharp focus. This is an example where the technique is used to direct the audiences focus (pun intended ;) ).

For more information on this topic click here to see an informative video that describes more ways this technique has been used for effective storytelling and why these were effective.